воскресенье, 24 ноября 2019 г.

Free Essays on Re-appearance Of The Ghost In Hamlet

The ghost of Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet, reappears in Act 3, scene 4 to remind Hamlet of his purpose, not to waste time trying to get his mother’s confession, but to take revenge against his uncle Claudius. When the ghost originally spoke to Hamlet in Act 1, scene 5; he told his son to â€Å"revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (1.5. 25.), but â€Å"leave her to heaven† (1.5. 86.), telling Hamlet to not waste any time trying to accuse Gertrude, for she knows nothing of the heinous act. The ghost comes back again in Act 3, scene 4, because Hamlet has not yet carried out the request his father has made of him. Ghosts are said to haunt places because they have unfinished business, King Hamlet’s business is to see his brother Claudius punished for the murderous crime he has committed. The ghost is obviously watching over Hamlet throughout the play and has seen him go through his doubts and questions whether or not the ghost is good or evil, and whether or not Hamlet should take action upon his uncle. The ghost has followed Hamlet into Gertrude’s room and listened to their conversation and watched as Hamlet killed the snooping Polonius, and started to accuse Gertrude about her part in the murder of his father. It is then that the ghost had to reappear, to take Hamlet’s anger and attention away from his mother and her connection to the murder of King Hamlet, and direct it toward whom his father intended, Claudius. The ghost of King Hamlet told his son, â€Å"But, look, amazement on thy mother sits:/O, step between her and her fighting soul:† (3.4. 110-11). The ghost achieves his purpose in this scene, which is to make Hamlet to realize it is not Gertrude he wants revenge against, and that Hamlet should not waste his time tormenting his mother, but find Claudius and follow through with his revenge. The ghost of Hamlet’s father quickly comes in and out of the scene, but has a strong impact on Hamlet, who knows... Free Essays on Re-appearance Of The Ghost In Hamlet Free Essays on Re-appearance Of The Ghost In Hamlet The ghost of Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet, reappears in Act 3, scene 4 to remind Hamlet of his purpose, not to waste time trying to get his mother’s confession, but to take revenge against his uncle Claudius. When the ghost originally spoke to Hamlet in Act 1, scene 5; he told his son to â€Å"revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (1.5. 25.), but â€Å"leave her to heaven† (1.5. 86.), telling Hamlet to not waste any time trying to accuse Gertrude, for she knows nothing of the heinous act. The ghost comes back again in Act 3, scene 4, because Hamlet has not yet carried out the request his father has made of him. Ghosts are said to haunt places because they have unfinished business, King Hamlet’s business is to see his brother Claudius punished for the murderous crime he has committed. The ghost is obviously watching over Hamlet throughout the play and has seen him go through his doubts and questions whether or not the ghost is good or evil, and whether or not Hamlet should take action upon his uncle. The ghost has followed Hamlet into Gertrude’s room and listened to their conversation and watched as Hamlet killed the snooping Polonius, and started to accuse Gertrude about her part in the murder of his father. It is then that the ghost had to reappear, to take Hamlet’s anger and attention away from his mother and her connection to the murder of King Hamlet, and direct it toward whom his father intended, Claudius. The ghost of King Hamlet told his son, â€Å"But, look, amazement on thy mother sits:/O, step between her and her fighting soul:† (3.4. 110-11). The ghost achieves his purpose in this scene, which is to make Hamlet to realize it is not Gertrude he wants revenge against, and that Hamlet should not waste his time tormenting his mother, but find Claudius and follow through with his revenge. The ghost of Hamlet’s father quickly comes in and out of the scene, but has a strong impact on Hamlet, who knows...

четверг, 21 ноября 2019 г.

Statistics and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Statistics and Ethics - Essay Example These issues arise from the initial stages, intermediary and final stages. The initial stages comprise of formulating the goals and objectives of the research, design and data collection, this stage major ethical challenge is due to the political influence, personal beliefs and other influential people who intend to limit the ethical nature of the research. Intermediary stage comprises of data organization, the analysis, and presentation. The major issues in this stage are poor handling of data leading to data tampering and poor interpretation of data that lead to false results. Finally, in the final stages, most statistical conclusions and inferences are mistaking correlation with causality and misinterpretation of data to ensure benefits of some benefactors. These ethical issues are based on deception or discrimination of which decision is better than the other is. Cases of Statistical Issues and Responses Based on Ethics Theories Personal values are very important when an individu al is faced with a dilemma situation. The individual’s decision-making is based on the source of his personal values. These values result in the need to lie or not to lie based on the ethical theory he derives his personal values. The following are cases that portray the relationship of personal values and ethical theories in their decision-making. A person’s values derived from rights theory will decide not to deceive if he acknowledges that deception would violate the rights of an individual.

среда, 20 ноября 2019 г.

The extension of globalization since 1980 Essay

The extension of globalization since 1980 - Essay Example The current situation attracts the tourists to take sea voyage and so the industry exploits the interests of the consumers as well as targets a huge consumer base (United States Environment Protection Agency, 2008). Key Processes of Globalization The processes of globalization initiated with the evolution of capitalism in the fifteenth century. Consequently, it speeded to different parts of the globe. The processes of globalization were initiated in Latin America, North America and Asia (Santos, 2002, p. 67-68). After the emergence the processes of globalization were rooted with imperialism. During this period the nature of globalization depended much on the thoughts of the leaders of imperialism. They created distinctions among the people in terms of social strata and took on the policy to exploit the relatively less developed countries. The interimperial commercial activities constituted the second step. The emergence of trading possibilities among the European countries gave birth to competition for capturing the market. Globalization can be viewed to be cyclic in nature as it changes in different phases of economic development. Definitions and Measures of Inequality The widening gap between the rich and the poor is used to define inequality. By the concept of economic inequality, the disparities in the distribution of assets among the group of individuals are meant (World Bank, 2005, p. 27-28). Among the many other causes of inequality, the foremost is the difference between the wages and the salaries of the employed persons. Inequality emerges in many markets but inequality in the labor market leads to concentration of power under a few hands. Some other types of inequality include... From the initiation of the process of globalization, the leaders of imperialism had the central part to play. Although trade played an important part in the process of globalization, the gains from trade have not been too successful for the less developed countries. Therefore, the benefits from globalization have been centered on the developed nations. The researchers conducted based on globalization and inequality showed the same story. The researchers opined that globalization has contributed to widening the income gap between the rich and the poor as the rich have the capability to reap the benefits and exploit the poor. Only the study by Atkinson on Denmark showed no role of globalization in income distribution. But globalization is not the only factor for such an outcome. The other factors include political and social factors with the choices made by the nations. Trade also acts as the catalyst to boost the process of globalization. As more countries are opening up the trade bar riers, the choices of consumers are increasing. In this way the gate is opening up for technology transfer, but the benefits are getting accrued mostly to the more powerful ones.

понедельник, 18 ноября 2019 г.

Insurance in a risky world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Insurance in a risky world - Essay Example Flood insurance reduces the fear to purchase a house in flood risk areas since it covers one building and all his or her property against damage that flooding can cause. This paper is a report to a friend who is thinking of buying a house on Trent Road, Beeston, Nottingham NG9 1LQ, but is worried about the likely cost and availability of buildings insurance to cover the risk of flooding (Liedtke 2007, P. 7). The aim of the report is enlightening her about the factors to consider whether to buy an insurance cover and the factors that may affect the availability and likely price of insurance against flood risk in the next three years. There is no need to worry or fear buying a house on Trent Road, Beeston, Nottingham NG9 1LQ. This is because one is able to buy an insurance cover for his or her house and its contents. The insurance cover is advantageous since it will cover a number of flooding events such as a canal or a river bursting its banks, sea flooding caused by high tide or storms, and ground or surface water flooding caused by heavy rains. It is acknowledgeable that flooding results in damage and loss of properties, forcing people to incur unexpected costs, replacing the damaged and the lost properties. Although buying a house on Trent Road, Beeston, Nottingham NG9 1LQ is a risk, the insurance covers almost all these costs when flooding occurs. According to Kunreuther and Michel-Kerjan (2007), the insurance sector is playing a vital role in regards to flooding and addressing the challenges faced by both the insurers and insurers when dealing with the effects of climate change on risk management strategies (p. 3). According to The Money Advice Service (2014), there is no need to worry buying a house in a risky world since the insurance sector covers various costs due to flooding. Such costs include repairing, restoring, and drying out your households, replace or replace your damaged belongings and

пятница, 15 ноября 2019 г.

Effects of Globalization on World Politics

Effects of Globalization on World Politics This paper considers the role that globalization has played in changing the nature of world politics. It explores the idea that such effects can be visualized in two separate spheres: the domestic, and the international. It pays particular attention to the role of what Risse terms ‘Transnational Actors’, a complex aggregation of bodies which he has placed into two main categories: firstly, that of structure, which may either formal or informal, and secondly, that of motivation, which may be ‘instrumental’ – i.e., constituted around the need to achieve shared membership objectives, or more general bodies constructed around the need to promote a common good. Within these two dimensions, Risse also notes the presence of sub-categories of organization, such as ‘epistemic communities’ and advocacy networks. (Risse 2002: pp.255-256). What has to be considered here is whether or not the cumulative efforts of these bodies are in effect producing real change in world politics, and if so, how an such change be recognised and assessed? Ultimately, the question is whether or not the phenomenon of globalization, or its associated political effects, are the arbiters of a genuinely new form of international relations, or merely the re-working of older models and protocols. As Risse puts it, ‘†¦there is little systematic evidence to sustain claims that the transnational â€Å"society world† has somehow overtaken the â€Å"state world†.’ (Risse 2002: p.255). If this is accepted, the corollary is a largely unchanged set of underlying relationships between sovereign states, with all that implies for economic interaction and the social dynamic. As Hurrell and Woods point out, ‘†¦Economic liberalization is exacerbating the gap between rich and poor within virtually all developing regions. At the same time, other elements of globalization are increasing the inequalities of political power and in fluence, as well as highlighting new dimensions of inequality.’ (Hurrell and Woods 1999: p.1) Correspondingly, it is argued here, the underlying economic nature of globalization tends to make it profoundly adaptive of established international interaction. In the first instance, it may be helpful to give definition to otherwise vague notions of globalization, giving full consideration to the ways in which the phenomenon cuts across the political sphere. There are many such definitions to choose from, several of which offer competing or overlapping sets of characteristics: central to all of these is the idea that formerly discrete social and economic dimensions are being drawn into closer proximity and eventual convergence. For example, as Fisher and Lovell argue that , ‘Globalisation is a process which is bringing societies that were previously economically, politically and culturally diverse into convergence. That is being achieved by a combination of the success of capitalism, the growth of a common mass culture†¦and the wish of people in all societies, through their rational choices, to choose the same goals.’ (Fisher and Lovell 2003: p.256). It is the proliferation of interaction in the non-governmental spheres, b oth public and private, which collectively constitutes the novel dimensions of contemporary globalization. As Risse explains, ‘†¦the concept encompasses everything as long as human agency is involved, Yet, cross-border capital flows, international trade, CNN media broadcasts, international migration, cross-border tourism, the diffusion of values and norms, transnational social movements, INGO’s and MNC’s are quite different phenomena.’ (Risse 2002: p.274). Some commentators take a more benign and reductive view of the whole process. Hart, for example, argues that ‘Properly focused, the profit motive can accelerate (not inhibit) the transformation toward global sustainability, with nonprofits, governments and multinational agencies all playing crucial roles as collaborators and watchdogs.’ (Hart 2007: p.3) Hart’s optimism seems to be predicated on the idea that capitalism will bring with it the twin benefits of a free market and a free society, although events have demonstrated that this is not always the case: former state capitalist models eschewed such models, and contemporary variants, such as the Chinese example, have not necessarily seen commerce and political liberalism as intrinsically linked. In fact, as the case of the journalist Shi Tao illustrates, arbiters of e.commerce such as Yahoo, Microsoft and Google have, on occasion, been co-opted into the repressive arms of an obdurately repressive state. The res ult has been a voluntary code of ethics, which, as Dickie and Waters report, has yet to prove itself in the international arena: ‘†¦designed to reduce the risk that their actions lead to human rights abuses in China and other countries. The principles, written in conjunction with two human rights groups, are a reaction to the fierce public criticism that all three faced two years ago for bowing to various degrees to Chinese internet controls.’ (Dickie and Waters 2008). Furthermore, as Risse indicates, there are historical precedents for doubting the efficacy of liberalized commerce in the diminution of international tensions. As he reminds us, the cumulative free-trade panaceas of pro-liberal optimists such as Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill and Kant were largely displaced by the events of 1914-18. ‘†¦the First World War, which was fought among highly interdependent nations, discredited the idea that economic interdependence alone is a sufficient condition for peace in the absence of democracy.’ (Risse 2002: p.257) In other words, there was a primacy of politics which obdurately and arbitrarily overruled any supposedly benign panaceas inherent in the market. Again, it is possible to see the reworking of much older debates within the idea of a new world order being created in this way. As Risse points out, ‘The controversy about the precise relationship between economic interests, capitalism and economic interdependence, on the one hand, and aggressive/imperialist foreign policies as well as peace and war, continues to this day.’ (Risse 2002: p.257). The empirical contexts for such debate are various, and may be seen especially in the supplanting of the Pax Britannica with the Pax Americana, and all that implies for the continuity of an inequitable distribution of political and economic power between sovereign communities. Moreover, the apparently benign internationalism of the post 1945 environment has itself been supplanted by a far more postmodernist atmosphere, as evidenced by the actions of the UK in the Falklands Islands conflict, and both the UK and the US in Iraq. As Hurrell and Woods point out, ‘Inequality with in the traditional conception of world order is a positive, restraining, and ordering force. It permits the operation of a balance of power as a substitute for the centralized authority of a Hobbesian Leviathan in domestic politics. At the same time, hierarchy in the international system, or the imbalance of power, has never meant a strict imposition of the absolute will of the most powerful state or states.’ (Hurrell and Woods 1999: p.9) The essential point here is that the exercising of such residual power, whether through economic hegemony or more direct means, may be profoundly corrosive of more general movements towards a globalizing community. As Risse enquires, ‘Does the INGO world then represent a ‘global civil society†¦or does it merely reproduce Western enlightenment values such as universalism, individualism, progress and cosmopolitanism? INGOs as part and parcel of a â€Å"world culture† dominated by Western liberal hegemony?’ (Risse 2002: p.260) As Risse points out, ‘Globally operating MNC’s do not all look alike, but maintain a distinct institutional features pertaining to their organizational structure and culture which originate from the national institutional environment in which the mother company operates.’ (Risse 2002: p.261) Just as Risse identifies this trait at a macro level from an academic perspective, so intra-industry analysts such as Hofstede have noted the same patterns of behaviour at a micro level, in attempting to isolate the visceral cultural resilience of global organizations. ‘From a practical perspective, the cultural variables described by the model are intuitively appealing because of their†¦.relationship to the management process.’ (Leopold et al. 2005: p.307). Albeit in a reductive sense, Hofstede’s taxonomies of uncertainty avoidance, power distance, masculinity/femininity, individualism/collectivism, and long-term orientation, combine to inform us of t he cultural factors which underlay supposedly seamless multinational integrations. (Hofstede 2003). Such analyses have direct political applications as well as their corporate usage: for example, the perceived Chinese intolerance of uncertainty has, it is alleged, been invoked by joint official and media interventions to choke off demand for political emancipation. As Rachman has commented, ‘†¦fear of â€Å"chaos† is frequently stirred up to fend off demands for political liberalisation.’ (Rachman, 2008: n.p.) Such distinctions may have implications far beyond the corporate context, reaching out into the world of media: this arguably, takes in the concept of the public sphere identified by Habermas and his successor theorists, as the context for a renegotiation of civil polity. Most analysts of globalization invoke the proliferation of international media channels as profoundly constructive of the phenomenon: to date however, there has been comparatively little discussion of the way in which this might genuinely engender an internationalist perspective on politics. As Adler points out, Habermas’s social theory ‘†¦explained how emancipatory interests became reconstructed in both theory and practice and especially how deliberative democratic processes helped people free themselves from distorted communication.’ (Adler 2002: p.97). In other words, this aspect of globalization might be one in which its specifically emancipatory and political dimensions could be realize d. As Habermas himself points out, the social realization of this sphere enabled its predominantly bourgeois actors to ‘†¦engage in a debate over the general rules governing relations in the basically privatized but publicly relevant sphere of commodity exchange and social labour.’ (Habermas 2003: p.27). The parallels between the historically specific inception of this process, and contemporary developments of globalization, are arguably strong. As Habermas again points out, ‘The medium of this political confrontation was peculiar and without historical precedent: people’s public use of their reason†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Habermas 2003: p.27). There are of course a number of balancing considerations to be acknowledged before the true political significance of this can be realistically assessed. As Thompson points out, ‘†¦the exchange of information and symbolic content in the social world takes place in contexts of mediated interaction quasi-interaction, rather than in contexts of face-to-face interaction between individuals who share a common locale.’ (Thompson, 2001: p.87). Perhaps more significant here than the idea of ‘locale’ is that of interest, or of the common bond inherent in relations of production – or other unifying tendencies – which might support a political reification. Nor can it be denied that there are specific aspects of Habermas’s theory which militate directly against the politicization of the global community, and in fact point to direct opposite situation. This is especially noticeable in Habermas’s idea of the ‘refeudalization’ of the public sphere, during which the emancipatory power of the media is neutralised by the elites who control it. Robins and Webster see this as ‘†¦the dominance of corporative forms within which discussion is not public but is increasingly limited to technicians and bureaucrats’, through which the public sphere becomes ‘†¦a condition of organizational action, to be instrumentally managed – i.e. manipulated.’ (Robins and Webster 2006: p.94). Neither can it be overlooked that in many sites of intense economic liberalization, such as in China, there appears to be a comparative absence of commensurate political change, as evidenced in the associated media and educational spheres. As Rachman indicates, ‘†¦.the need to recover national strength and for China to regain its rightful place in the world is a constant theme. One western professor at a Beijing university – who is generally very positive about modern China – cannot help worrying that many of his students â€Å"seem to have been taught that an eventual war with America is inevitable†.’. (Rachman, 2008: n.p.). In conclusion then, it may just as relevant to ascertain the extent to which ‘Transnational Actors’ operate as arbiters of genuine political change, as it is to demonstrate their function as organic intellectuals in a world body politic. In other words, it is one thing – as Risse has done – to show that they are a significant and diffuse element within globalization as a whole. This, it may be argued, shows that the latter are significant within the converging operation of pre-existing political systems, and does not of itself undermine the concept or operation of globalization. However, it also demonstrates that the latter merely amplifies the existing international political status quo, without substantially altering it. This is especially pertinent if economic liberalization is to continue as the essential arbiter of globalization, and any attending social changes. As Altman points out, ‘From a Kantian perspective, a corporation can have no respons ibility at all†¦ it is a tool, and a good tool performs its designated function well, a good corporation maximizes profits for its shareholders.’ (Altman 2007: p.261) Neither has the onset of globalization analyses substantially undermined conventional understandings or interpretations of the manner in which states interact. As Hopf reminds us, ‘Durable expectations between states require intersubjective [sic] identities that are sufficiently stable to ensure predictable patterns of behaviour.’ (Hopf 1998: p.176). The contrast between constructivism and realism remains as distinctive as ever, as Hopf again indicates. ‘†¦constructivism†¦assumes that the selves, or identities, of states are a variable; they†¦depend on historical, cultural, political, and social context.’ (Hopf 1998: p.176). A realist position meanwhile proposes that the state, ‘†¦in international politics, across space and time†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ has a Ã¢â‚¬Ë œÃ¢â‚¬ ¦single eternal meaning†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Hopf 1998: p.176) Correspondingly, from this perspective, the realist model is too reductive, assuming that all actors in global policy can possess only one meaningful identity, ‘†¦that of self-interested states†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Hopf 1998: p.176). Whether one is an adherent of the constructivist or realist school, or merely takes both into account in assessing international politics, it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that sovereign self interest, and intra-state sectional interests, are still well to the fore in determining the nature of politics. In this respect, the whole phenomenon of globalization begins to appear strongly redolent of earlier, supposedly more discretely evolved systems. As Zurn points out, the process of political change through economic interdependence is conditional upon several agencies, through which is achieved an overall reduction of distance and difference. ‘In a material sense, people o f different societies grow closer to each other and get to know each other better. In addition, increased transnational transactions necessarily create an economic interest in the maintenance of good transnational relations. The interest of strengthened export capital is one reason for the stability of free trade since the Second World War.’ (Zurn 2002: p.239). The problem with this interpretation of events is that it appears highly evocative of pre-1914 optimism about the stabilizing influence of free-trade liberalism. Only forthcoming events will fully reveal whether or not Third Way neo-liberalism is any better placed to provide the panacea which its classical antecedent manifestly failed to do. Meanwhile, as Risse concludes, there two substantive issues which must be addressed before what he terms ‘global governance’ can acquire legitimacy: the ‘democratic deficit’ perceived in the nature of supra-national or federalist aggregations of states such as the EU, and the obstacles which might preclude a ‘cosmopolitan democracy’. (Risse 2002: p.269). It remains to be seen whether these achievements an offset the tensions inherent in a globalizing eonomy. Bibliography Adler, E., ‘Constructivism and International Relations’, in Carlsnaes, W., Risse, T., and Simmons, B.A., (eds), (2002), Handbook of Internatiional Relations, Sage London, pp.95-118, p.97. Altman, M.C., (2007), ‘The Decomposition of the Corporate Body’, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol.74, No.3, pp.253-266, Springer, USA. Bouckaert, L., (1994), ‘Business and Community’ in Harvey, B., (1994), (ed), Business Ethics, a European Approach, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ. pp.154-191. Brewster, D., ‘Sustainability Report Seeks the Facts’, Financial Times siteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Published: Dec 09, 2007, INTERNET, available at http://search.ft.com/ftArticle?queryText=sustainabilityy=4aje=truex=13id=071209000018ct=0page=2, [viewed 9.11.08], n.p Carlsnaes, W., Risse, T., and Simmons, B.A., (eds), (2002), Handbook of Internatiional Relations, Sage London. Chryssides, G.D. and Kaler, J.H. (Eds), (1993) An Introduction to Business Ethics, Chapman and Hall, London. K. Chryssides, G.D. and Kaler, J.H., (1996) Essentials of Business Ethics, McGraw-Hill Crane. A., and Matten, D., (2007), Business Ethics, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Crane, A., Matten., D., (2004), Business Ethics: A European Perspective, Oxford. De George, R. T., ( 1995 ) , Business Ethics, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Dickie, M., and Waters R., ‘Web guidelines aim at repressive governments’, Financial Times, 29 Oct 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/37db7c58-a507-11dd-b4f5-000077b07658.html [viewed 12.11.08] Donaldson, T., and Werhane, P.H., (1988), Ethical Issues in Business: A Philosophical Approach, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Fisher, C., Lovell, A., (2006), Business Ethics and Values, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, London. Habermas, J. (2003), The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, London: Polity. Hart, S.L., (2007), Capitalism at the Crossroads: Aligning Business, Earth and Humanity, 2nd Edition, Wharton, Upper Saddle River, N.J. Hill., A., ‘The eco-goddess and the industrialist: a double loss’, Financial Times, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Published: Sep 11, 2007, INTERNET, available at http://search.ft.com/ftArticle?queryText=body+shopy=5aje=truex=12id=070911010713ct=0page=4, [viewed 15.3.08], n.p. Gerte Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Website, INTERNET, available at http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php?culture1=95culture2=18#compare [viewed 7.5.08] Hofstede, G., (2003), Cultures and Organizations: Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival, Profile Business, London. Hooley, G., Saunders, J., Piercy, N., (2004) Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning (3rd Edition) Prentice Hall, Essex. Hurrell, A., and Woods, N., (1999) , Inequality, Globalization and World Politics, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Lee, K., Carter, S., (2005), Global Marketing Management: Changes, Challenges and New Strategies, Oxford, p.211. Leopold, J., Harris, L., and Watson, T., (2005), The Strategic Managing of Human Resources, Prentice Hall, London. Monks, R., and Minow, N., (2004), Corporate Governance, Basil Blackwell, Oxford. Post, J., Lawrence, A.T., and Weber, J., (2002), Business and Society: Corporate Strategy, Public Policy, Ethics, McGraw Hill, Boston. Rachman, G., ‘Illiberal capitalism: Russia and China chart their own course’, Financial Times, Published: January 8 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f7aa8626-be00-11dc-8bc9-0000779fd2ac.html, [viewed 7.5.08] Risse, T., ‘Transnational Actors and World Politics’, in Carlsnaes, W., Risse, T., and Simmons, B.A., (eds), (2002), Handbook of Internatiional Relations, Sage London, pp.255-274. Robins, K., and Webster, F., (2006), ‘From Pubic Sphere to Cybernetic State’, in Hassan, R. (ed.)(2006), The New Media Theory Reader, Maidenhead: Open University Press. Scruton, R., (1983), A Dictionary of Political Thought, Pan, London. Thompson, J.B, (2001), The Media and Modernity: A Social Theory of the Public Sphere, London: John Libby. Vogel, D., (2005), The Market for Virtue: the Potential and Limits of Corporate Social Responsibility, Brookings, Washington DC. Williams, E., (1964), Capitalism and Slavery, Andre Deutsch, London. Zurn, M., ‘From Interdependence to Globalization’, in Carlsnaes, W., Risse, T., and Simmons, B.A., (eds), (2002), Handbook of Internatiional Relations, Sage London. Zyglidopoulos, S.C., and Fleming, P.J., (2008), ‘Ethical Distance in Corrupt Firms’, Journal of Business Ethics , Vol.78, pp.265-274

среда, 13 ноября 2019 г.

An Investigation of Postpartum Depression Essay -- Biology Essays Rese

An Investigation of Postpartum Depression Missing Works Cited The recent Andrea Yates murder trial brought a firestorm of controversy as the issue of postpartum depression (PPD) became a debated topic throughout the country. Did Andrea truly suffer from psychosis as she drowned her five children in the bathtub or was such defense a scheme to avoid the death sentence? Prosecutors suggested the spousal-revenge theory as a motive for the killings. Could she have committed murder to get back at a possessive and domineering husband? (1). The outcome of the trial was by no means exceptional as it was a murder case, which resulted in a life sentence conviction. It did however, create awareness within the medical field and mainstream public about the historical connection between pregnancy and psychiatric illness. Unfortunately such dialogue also brought long standing misconstrued notions which must be eradicated. Mental illness has been a reality not only for Yates but for millions of women throughout the country. Depression tends to be one of the most prevalent consequences of childbearing as 50% of new mothers report slight bouts of depression, 10% have manic depression and .2% suffer from psychosis(2). Yonkers et. al, further investigated postpartum depression rates for minority women in comparison to their Caucasian counterparts. After conducting a postpartum three trial screening which included the Structured Clinical Interview, it was found that depression rates for Latino, Blacks and White racial groups was between 6.5% to 8.5% (3). Regardless of race, all groups of women were susceptible to similar rates of PPD at 3-5 weeks postpartum. Other studies have found that depressive disorders begin even before giving birth... ...s the need for changes in the current "drive thru" system of childbirth. Hospital stays have been reduced as new mothers are quickly sent home without medical resources at their disposal(8). The Andrea Yates trial was significant in that it raised awareness of mental illness under a media firestorm. It made the American public aware of the potential actions such illness can cause a person to do. Dialogue, however, is not a sufficient means in which to properly target and treat PPD. The medical establishment must ensure prevention through mental health screenings and subsequent psychiatric check-ups for new mothers. Through educational campaigns, awareness must be brought to the masses so that the stigma attached to mental illness be eradicated. Hopefully, people will seek proper treatment as there are millions suffering with depression in isolation and silence.

воскресенье, 10 ноября 2019 г.

Economic History and Evolution of Health Care Economics

Health care has been changed dramatically during the years from back in 1960 to today. The economics crises have taken over majority of its courses for these changes. What is economic history and health care funding? Economic history is the way people dealt with supply and demand, cost of production of a product, the levels of income and distribution of wealth, the structure of overseas trade, and the volume and direction of investment, (Adelman, 1985). In today’s society health care and medicine has become one of the life savers for patients with health care issues.More and more new technologies, research, development of new procedures and medications have taken over a major change in health care industry while comparing to back in 1940’s when there was less facilities, doctors, technologies, and medicines available for treatment of major and chronic diseases. Health Care funding is defined as a method for patients to pay for their medical costs. During the early years of 1940’s, there were no Medical or Medicaid , HMO or PPO plans available and neither was there any governmentfunding available for low and no income families as it is today. In today’s society the Obama health care reform is helping millions paying for their health care expenses by providing Medical, Medicaid and or discounted health insurance plans from various companies with no or low income families. Millions are benefitting from this program today in comparison from the early 1940’s century. Today the debate continues between the poor and rich as to how and if the new health care reform program is beneficial for the economy and how it will affect the nation.The timeline below describes and shows how the government was involved in the health care funding and economy back from the early 1940’s till it is today. Health Care Funding Timeline 1935-At this time during the great depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had signed another act into law, a nd that was the Social Security Act. 1940’s For the second time, war put an end to any possibility for achievement of national health insurance. In 1943, there was a ruling from the The War Labor Board that certain work benefits, including health insurance coverage, should be excluded from wage and price controls.1946-In 1946 President Truman signs the Hospital Survey and Construction Act. This act would give states the access needed to federal grants for the maintenance and construction of public health centers. This act also provides care to all patients regardless of the race, nationality and religion. 1960’s The Kerr-Mills Act provided states with federal grants pay for health care for the elderly poor. He only had the support from 28 states who signed on for this act. John Kennedy proposed legislation in 1962 for hospital care for seniors under Social Security. However the opposing democrats blocked his proposal.During the election in 1964, Medicare was made a pri ority in the health care reform in USA. 1970’s By 1970, the health care costs had grown rapidly and therefore the number of uninsured patients among the elderly had grown which grew a major concern for the government and the health care reform. The country had started to face major health care crises. Sen. Ted Kennedy held hearings around the country and issued a report, â€Å"The Health Care Crisis in America,† generating support for his bill, the ‘Health Security Act,’ a universal single payer plan with a national health budget, no consumer cost-sharing, financed through payroll taxes.President Nixon proposed for an employer mandate which required employers to provide health care coverage to employees or to pay tax for the unemployment. 1980’s During the 1970’s the economic inequalities increased and decline in income. President Carter submitted cost control legislation which again didn’t pass. With the election of Ronald Reagan, a b ill for the expansion of Medicare Catastrophic coverage was signed and Congress passed an expansion of Medicaid. 1990’s By 1990, a major healthcare crises hits United States.Almost about 38 million people were without health insurance due to the recession that hit United States in 1990. It left people with no option to decline health care coverage. Private Insurance programs were at high pace , rates were increased by 90% and wages were at 28% between 1987 and year 1993. Wide range of proposals was put in for consideration for the better. The Clinton campaign was put into consideration. As president, Clinton appointed a task force to develop the concept into legislation, the Health Security Act (HSA).This act would have created universal coverage for the employer and the individual mandates. Due to the budget, the democrats did not approve of it. This bill never made it out of the committee. 2000’s President Bush signs Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement Act into la w in 2003. President Obama and the congress discussed the health care plans and spend over a year in doing research and planning for new plans to find solutions that would require businesses to cover for health care coverage for their employees.2010 -Today An adequate summary of the background and components of the Patient Protection Affordable Care Act signed into law March 3, 2010 by President Obama is beyond the scope of this space. It will be discussed in detail at a presentation Dec. 4th. This act was signed on March 23, 2010. January 1, 2014 Obama Health Care Reform takes into effect. In conclusion, as you can see health care issue has been ongoing for decades and has not been solved in United States as of today. We are still debating the costs, benefits and economical effects on health care for our people.While comparison from the 1940’s life was much simpler and less stressful for people and less issues while in today’s society there is more paperwork, more law s and requirements involved before a patient can be seen at a local clinic or hospital. Back in the days it was easier for patients to get treatment in a clinic or hospital while today a patient can easily be seen if he or she has some kind of medical or health insurance coverage. There is still hope that someday our nation will become better for our people in providing a better health care coverage and service to all.

пятница, 8 ноября 2019 г.

Words with the -ster Suffix

Words with the -ster Suffix Words with the -ster Suffix Words with the -ster Suffix By Mark Nichol The suffix -ster originated in Old English as -ister, serving to turn a verb into an agent noun, one describing a person who (or thing that) performs an action. Beginning its linguistic life as the feminine equivalent of -er, it survives in the specifically feminine noun spinster- originally, â€Å"a woman who spins,† but now a label for an older unmarried woman. In Middle English, the suffix lost its gender-specific function. Surnames that were originally agent nouns denoting occupations include Baxter (â€Å"baker†), Brewster (â€Å"beer maker†), and Webster (â€Å"weaver†); linguists are divided about whether these terms were exclusively applied to female practitioners of various crafts or referred to men as well. Another occupational term, teamster, originally referred to a wagon driver and later to a truck driver; this profession gave its name to the trade union called the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, which includes workers in many other trades. Other words that we hardly notice include the suffix include gangster and mobster, both referring to members of criminal organizations. (Bankster is a recent play on the former word, alluding to allegedly felonious acts of bank executives.) A slang term for one who plays basketball is hoopster, and young and old people are referred to as youngsters and oldsters respectively. Less common words include chorister (a member of a chorus), pollster (someone involved in developing or carrying out polls), and tipster (an informant). Most -ster constructions are neutral in tone, but two derisive appellations are hipster, referring to a person who self-consciously follows an alternative lifestyle, and scenester, someone who is ostentatiously immersed in a trendy social scene. Various words for people who practice various forms of humor include gagster, jokester, prankster, punster, and quipster. Trickster refers to a dishonest person or to one who, like a stage magician, uses tricks to benignly deceive others; in folkloric studies, the term denotes a type of god or other supernatural figure who is cunning or who practices deception. Two terms that refer to things rather than people are dragster (a car used in drag races) and roadster (a convertible sports car). Although lobster is likely an agent noun- from loppe, an Old English word meaning â€Å"spider,† and -ster, its name is folk etymology based on the Latin word locustra (also the origin of locust)- some words that end in -ster are not related. Monster, for example, is based on the Latin term monstrum, meaning â€Å"monster† or â€Å"omen.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesA While vs AwhileWords That Begin with Q

среда, 6 ноября 2019 г.

10 Functions of the Comma

10 Functions of the Comma 10 Functions of the Comma 10 Functions of the Comma By Mark Nichol A comma is a versatile punctuation mark, serving ten basic functions. Here’s an enumeration, with examples. 1. Separate the elements in a series: â€Å"Groucho, Harpo, and Chico developed the philosophy called Marxism.† Many periodicals and websites, and most colloquially written books, omit the serial, or final, comma, but it is all but mandatory in formal writing and is recommended in all usage. As language maven Bryan Garner observes, â€Å"Omitting the serial comma may cause ambiguities, whereas including it never will.† 2. Separate coordinated independent clauses: â€Å"I like the Marx Brothers, but she thinks they’re too silly.† (An independent clause is one that can stand on its own as a sentence but is linked with another by a conjunction and/or a punctuation mark.) Exceptions include sentences with closely linked clauses (â€Å"Go to the window and see who’s there†) and those with a compound predicate (â€Å"The Marx Brothers are known for their puns and their sight gags†). 3. Separate an introductory word (â€Å"Naturally, I agree with you†), phrase (â€Å"Last summer, I went on a long vacation†), or subordinate clause (â€Å"If you’re too busy now, wait until later†) from the remainder of the sentence. 4. Separate an optional parenthetical element from the remainder of the sentence. â€Å"We have, in a manner of speaking, won despite our loss.† (The phrase â€Å"in a manner of speaking† could also be set off by em dashes or parentheses, depending on whether the writer wishes to emphasize the interruption of the statement â€Å"We have won despite our loss† or wants to diminish it as an aside.) 5. Separate coordinate adjectives from each other: â€Å"I could really use a tall, cool drink right now.† (Do not separate noncoordinate adjectives with a comma; this post explains the difference between these two types of adjectives.) 6. Separate an attribution from a direct quotation: â€Å"She said, ‘Neither choice is very appealing’†; â€Å"‘That’s not my problem,’ he replied.† (A colon may be precede a formal pronouncement or an attribution that forms a complete thought, as in, â€Å"He had this to say: ‘Her point is irrelevant.† Omit punctuation when the attribution is implied, as in â€Å"Your response ‘Her point is irrelevant’ is evasive.†) 7. Separate a participial phrase or one lacking a verb from the remainder of the sentence: â€Å"Having said that, I still have my doubts†; â€Å"The deed done, we retreated to our hideout.† 8. Separate a salutation from a letter (â€Å"Dear friends,†) or a complimentary close from a signature in a letter (â€Å"Sincerely,†). A colon should be used in place of a comma in a formal salutation. 9. Separate elements when setting off a term for a larger geopolitical entity from that for a smaller one located within it (â€Å"Santa Barbara, California, is located on the coast†) and for elements of street addresses (â€Å"1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC†) (and dates (â€Å"January 1, 2013†). 10. Separate groups of three digits in numbers: (Let me tell you how to make your first 100,000,000 dollars.† (Because large numbers are difficult to scan, it’s usually better to use one of the following forms: â€Å"100 million dollars,† â€Å"one hundred million dollars.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before WordsOne Fell SwoopPhrasal Verbs and Phrasal Nouns

понедельник, 4 ноября 2019 г.

Lens Discussion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lens Discussion - Research Paper Example The origination of the concept of Other was done by German philosophers who made use of the dialect to represent differing view. In particular, this concept was used to represent women who had a completely different way of looking at people and world. The concept of other was used by male dominated culture in order to perceive the values and future of world under the view of women. It is due to this reason that the concept of Other is applied for sex education and research (Peperzak, 1993). However, later on, with the advent of communication tools and imperials ventures, the usage of Other was done in order to discriminate cultures and societies who had an opposing view regarding British reign. It was merely because politics and economics in the past decades were independent. The decision-making and actions of one nation or organization did not really affect others. One state was careful about its own notions and interests by labeling the interest of other nations to be simply Other and not nations (Charlesworth, 2007). However, in most recent times, the usage of Other, notwithstanding philosophical self-consciousness, is done in order to replicate the idea of discrimination and differentiation. Some of the philosophers tend to defend the concept by noting that the usage of the concept is merely due to the need of increased insanity and relativism in rhetoric. Therefore, the usage of the concept of Other in an unethical manner is referred to as discrimination (Peperzak, 1993). The first person who used the concept of Other was Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel who was a German philosopher. The context in which the concept of other was first used was self-consciousness. Herein, the aspect of other merely helped in letting a person reached awareness of self by comparing it with those who have a differing view about life and everything in it. Other than Georg, the

пятница, 1 ноября 2019 г.

La Primavera (or Spring) and The Tree of Death and Life Essay

La Primavera (or Spring) and The Tree of Death and Life - Essay Example Botticelli's masterwork implies poetic allegory embracing the theme of love and a certain philosophical meaning as it depicts the Garden of Hesperides, which I will dwell on in more detail below. The plot of the painting is being developed from right to left. There is an ominous figure with wings and swollen cheeks dressed in a greenish flowing cloak in the upper right corner of the painting. His name is Zephyrus and he is a symbol of the wind. One can see how the trunks of trees bent influenced by the flight of this mysterious figure. A scared nymph named Chloris, to the left from Zephyrus, tries to run away touching another woman on the left as if asking her for protection. But the woman neglects the nymph, who tries hard to flee from the wind on the right from her, and is walking to the bottom of the painting. It must be noted that this woman in a long dress embroidered with flowers, with a thin face that registers no emotion and a wreath on the golden hair is depicted in the afor ementioned Ovid's poem Fasti that Botticelli was inspired with when creating his masterpiece. In Ovid's poem she is referred to as Spring but, as a matter of fact, this woman might as well be the goddess of flowers and plants, Flora. In the Botticelli's painting she had a dress embroidered with red and blue cornflowers, symbols of amiability and good nature, and scattered roses, which was the usual thing for rich Florentine weddings. The wreath around her neck is made of strawberries that symbolize tenderness, chamomile.